2 Samuel 12:20

Authorized King James Version

Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the LORD, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיָּקָם֩
arose
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#2
דָּוִ֨ד
Then David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
מֵֽהָאָ֜רֶץ
from the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#4
וַיִּרְחַ֣ץ
and washed
to lave (the whole or a part of a thing)
#5
וַיָּ֗סֶךְ
and anointed
properly, to smear over (with oil), i.e., anoint
#6
וַיְחַלֵּף֙
himself and changed
properly, to slide by, i.e., (by implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or change
#7
שִׂמְלֹתָ֔ו
his apparel
a dress, especially a mantle
#8
וַיָּבֹא֙
and came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#9
בֵּית֔וֹ
into the house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#10
יְהוָ֖ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ
and worshipped
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
#12
וַיָּבֹא֙
and came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#13
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#14
בֵּית֔וֹ
into the house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#15
וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל
and when he required
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
#16
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ
they set
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#17
ל֛וֹ
H0
#18
לֶ֖חֶם
bread
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
#19
וַיֹּאכַֽל׃
before him and he did eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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